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We propose to study examples of past climate warming and environmental change in order to find the main patterns of ocean feedbacks on climate by concentrating on changes in three-dimensional (3D) ocean circulation, ocean carbon cycle, gas hydrate dynamics, and the influence of geological greenhouse gas emissions. The examples range from the extreme global warming during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PET M, 55 Ma), to the glacial/interglacial transitions, the Holocene climate optimum to the regionally confined medieval warm period. We shall integrate high performance Earth system modelling with geophysical fieldwork on modern analogues of gas release and high-resolution sedimentological and paleoceanographic proxy work to provide a synthesis of the relevant ocean processes during periods of climate warming.
Objectives
This research topic aims to answer the following specific questions. How did the 3D ocean circulation control warming, how did it respond to different forcing factors, and what was the climate feedback? How does the ocean carbon cycle response to climate warming operate under different background conditions? How important were geological carbon emissions including gas hydrate dissociation in
driving environmental change during the PETM?
Focus 1: Climate model simulations focusing on the different warming episodes will take into account variable distributions of the continents, orbital parameters, ice sheets and greenhouse gas levels.
Focus 2: In order to reconstruct past changes in marine environmental conditions and climate, centennial-scale records will be established across the different warming epochs (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca, etc.).
Focus 3: We will investigate geological forcing mechanisms of climate warming.
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Publications
Bayr, T. 
, Wengel, C., Latif, M. , Dommenget, D., Lübbecke, J. F. and Park, W.
(2019)
Error compensation of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models and its influence on simulated ENSO dynamics.
Climate Dynamics, 53
(1-2).
pp. 155-172.
DOI 10.1007/s00382-018-4575-7.
Zhang, X., Jin, L., Lu, H., Park, W. , Schneider, B. and Latif, M.
(2018)
East–west contrast of Northeast Asian summer precipitation during the Holocene.
Global and Planetary Change, 170
.
pp. 190-200.
DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.08.018.
Khon, V., Schneider, B., Latif, M. , Park, W. and Wengel, C.
(2018)
Evolution of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Seasonal and Interannual Variability in response to orbital forcing during the Holocene and Eemian from Model Simulations.
Geophysical Research Letters, 45
(18).
pp. 9843-9851.
DOI 10.1029/2018GL079337.
Song, Z. , Latif, M. , Park, W. and Zhang, Y.
(2018)
Influence of Model Bias on Simulating North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature During the Mid-Pliocene.
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33
(8).
pp. 884-893.
DOI 10.1029/2018PA003397.
Paul, A. J., Sommer, U., Paul, C. and Riebesell, U.
(2018)
Baltic Sea diazotrophic cyanobacterium is negatively affected by acidification and warming.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 598
.
pp. 49-60.
DOI 10.3354/meps12632.
Segschneider, J., Schneider, B. and Khon, V.
(2018)
Climate and marine biogeochemistry during the Holocene from transient model simulations.
Biogeosciences (BG), 15
(10).
pp. 3243-3266.
DOI 10.5194/bg-15-3243-2018.
Bayr, T. , Latif, M. , Dommenget, D., Wengel, C., Harlaß, J. and Park, W.
(2018)
Mean-state dependence of ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in climate models.
Climate Dynamics, 50
(9-10).
pp. 3171-3194.
DOI 10.1007/s00382-017-3799-2.
Wengel, C., Dommenget, D., Latif, M. , Bayr, T. and Vijayeta, A.
(2018)
What Controls ENSO-Amplitude Diversity in Climate Models?.
Geophysical Research Letters, 45
(4).
pp. 1989-1996.
DOI 10.1002/2017GL076849.
Bezard, R., Turner, S., Davidson, J., Schmitt, A. K. and Lindsay, J. (2017) Origin and Evolution of Silicic Magmas in Oceanic Arcs; an in situ Study from St Lucia, Lesser Antilles. Journal of Petrology, 58 (7). pp. 1279-1318. DOI 10.1093/petrology/egx053.
Song, Z. , Latif, M. , Park, W. , Krebs-Kanzow, U. and Schneider, B.
(2017)
Influence of seaway changes during the Pliocene on tropical Pacific climate in the Kiel climate model: mean state, annual cycle, ENSO, and their interactions.
Climate Dynamics, 48
(11-12).
pp. 3725-3740.
DOI 10.1007/s00382-016-3298-x.
Ehrlich, M.
(2017)
Invasion Genomics: Population structure and diversity patterns in the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi based on whole-genome re-sequencing.
(Master thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 93 pp.
Graves, C. A., James, R. H., Sapart, C. J., Stott, A. W., Wright, I. C., Berndt, C. , Westbrook, G. K. and Connelly, D. P.
(2017)
Methane in shallow subsurface sediments at the landward limit of the gas hydrate stability zone offshore western Svalbard.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 198
.
pp. 419-438.
DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.015.
Kind, R., Handy, M. R., Yuan, X., Meier, T., Kämpf, H. and Soomro, R. (2017) Detection of a new sub-lithospheric discontinuity in Central Europe with S-receiver functions. Tectonophysics, 700-701 . pp. 19-31. DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.02.002.
Meier, T., Auras, M., Fehr, M., Köhn, D., Cristiano, L., Sobott, R., Mosca, I., Ettl, H., Eckel, F., Steinkraus, T., Erkul, E., Schulte-Kortnack, D., Sigloch, K., Bilgili, F., Di Gioia, E. and Presicce, C. P. (2017) Investigating Surficial Alterations of Natural Stone by Ultrasonic Surface Measurements. In: Sensing the Past. ; 16 . Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 257-288. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3_12.
Becker, M., Andersen, N., Erlenkeuser, H., Humphreys, M. P., Tanhua, T. and Körtzinger, A.
(2016)
An Internally Consistent Dataset of delta13C-DIC in the North Atlantic Ocean - NAC13v1.
Earth System Science Data, 8
.
pp. 559-570.
DOI 10.5194/essd-8-559-2016.
Hetzinger, S., Pfeiffer, M., Dullo, W. C. , Zinke, J. and Garbe-Schönberg, D.
(2016)
A change in coral extension rates and stable isotopes after El Niño-induced coral bleaching and regional stress events.
Scientific Reports, 6
(32879).
DOI 10.1038/srep32879.
Berndt, C. , Hensen, C. , Mortera-Gutierrez, C., Sarkar, S. , Geilert, S. , Schmidt, M. , Liebetrau, V., Kipfer, R., Scholz, F., Doll, M., Muff, S., Karstens, J. , Planke, S., Petersen, S. , Böttner, C. , Chi, W. C., Moser, M., Behrendt, R., Fiskal, A., Lever, M. A., Su, C. C., Deng, L., Brennwald, M. S. and Lizarralde, D.
(2016)
Rifting under steam – how rift magmatism triggers methane venting from sedimentary basins.
Geology, 44
(9).
pp. 767-770.
DOI 10.1130/G38049.1 .
von Reumont, J., Hetzinger, S., Garbe-Schönberg, D., Manfrino, C. and Dullo, W. C.
(2016)
Impact of warming events on reef-scale temperature variability as captured in two Little Cayman coral Sr/Ca records.
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17
(3).
pp. 846-857.
DOI 10.1002/2015GC006194.
Dumke, I., Burwicz, E. B. , Berndt, C. , Klaeschen, D. , Feseker, T., Geissler, W. and Sarkar, S.
(2016)
Gas hydrate distribution and hydrocarbon maturation north of the Knipovich Ridge, western Svalbard margin.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121
(3).
pp. 1405-1424.
DOI 10.1002/2015JB012083.
Meier, T., Auras, M., Fehr, M., Köhn, D., Steinkraus, T., Eckel, F., Sobott, R., Siegesmund, S., Schulte-Kortnack, D. and Erkul, E. (2016) Untersuchung der Verwitterung von Naturstein mit Ultraschall-Oberflächen-Messungen. In: Natursteinsanierung Stuttgart 2016. . Panitz, Stuttgart , pp. 57-72.
Wallmann, K. , Schneider, B. and Sarnthein, M.
(2016)
Effects of eustatic sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on atmospheric pCO2 and seawater composition over the last 130 000 years: a model study.
Climate of the Past, 12
(2).
pp. 339-375.
DOI 10.5194/cp-12-339-2016.
Nauendorf, A., Krause, S., Bigalke, N. K., Gorb, E. V., Gorb, S., Haeckel, M. , Wahl, M. and Treude, T.
(2016)
Microbial colonization and degradation of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic bags in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 103
(1-2).
pp. 168-178.
DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.024.
Sagar, N., Hetzinger, S., Pfeiffer, M., Masood Ahmad, S., Dullo, W. C. and Garbe-Schönberg, D.
(2016)
High-resolution Sr/Ca ratios in a Porites lutea coral from Lakshadweep Archipelago, southeast Arabian Sea: An example from a region experiencing steady rise in the reef temperature.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121
(1).
pp. 252-266.
DOI 10.1002/2015JC010821.
Cristiano, L., Meier, T., Krüger, F., Keers, H. and Weidle, C. (2016) Teleseismic P-wave polarization analysis at the Gräfenberg array. Geophysical Journal International, 207 (3). pp. 1456-1471. DOI 10.1093/gji/ggw339.
Jin, L., Zhang, X. and Leduc, G. (2016) Reply to comment by Rashid et al. on “Asynchronous variation in the East Asian winter monsoon during the Holocene”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121 (4). pp. 1615-1620. DOI 10.1002/2015JD024270.
Koehn, D., Meier, T., Fehr, M., De Nil, D. and Auras, M. (2016) Application of 2D elastic Rayleigh waveform inversion to ultrasonic laboratory and field data. Near Surface Geophysics, 14 (2139). DOI 10.3997/1873-0604.2016027.
Kästle, E. D., Soomro, R., Weemstra, C., Boschi, L. and Meier, T. (2016) Two-receiver measurements of phase velocity: cross-validation of ambient-noise and earthquake-based observations. Geophysical Journal International, 207 (3). pp. 1493-1512. DOI 10.1093/gji/ggw341.
Meier, T., Soomro, R. A., Viereck, L., Lebedev, S., Behrmann, J. H., Weidle, C., Cristiano, L. and Hanemann, R. (2016) Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Central European lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 692 . pp. 58-73. DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.016.
Soomro, R. A., Weidle, C., Cristiano, L., Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. (2016) Phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves in central and northern Europe from automated, broad-band, interstation measurements. Geophysical Journal International, 204 (1). pp. 517-534. DOI 10.1093/gji/ggv462.
Tran, G. T., Oliver, K. I. C., Sóbester, A., Toal, D. J. J., Holden, P. B., Marsh, R., Challenor, P. and Edwards, N. R. (2016) Building a traceable climate model hierarchy with multi-level emulators. Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography, 2 (1). pp. 17-37. DOI 10.5194/ascmo-2-17-2016.
Tseng, Y. h., Lin, H., Chen, H. c., Thompson, K., Bentsen, M., Böning, C. W. , Bozec, A., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Chow, C. H., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Farneti, R., Fogli, P. G., Fujii, Y., Griffies, S. M., Ilicak, M., Jung, T., Masina, S., Navarra, A., Patara, L. , Samuels, B. L., Scheinert, M. , Sidorenko, D., Sui, C. H., Tsujino, H., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., Wang, Q. and Yeager, S. G.
(2016)
North and equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation in the CORE-II hindcast simulations.
Ocean Modelling, 104
.
pp. 143-170.
DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.06.003.
Zhang, X., Jin, L. and Jia, W. (2016) Centennial-scale teleconnection between North Atlantic sea surface temperatures and the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene. Climate Dynamics, 46 (9-10). pp. 3323-3336. DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2771-2.
Zhang, X., Jin, L., Huang, W. and Chen, F. (2016) Forcing mechanisms of orbital-scale changes in winter rainfall over northwestern China during the Holocene. The Holocene, 26 (4). pp. 549-555. DOI 10.1177/0959683615612569.
Löscher, C., Fischer, M. A., Neulinger, S., Fiedler, B., Philippi, M., Schütte, F., Singh, A., Hauss, H. , Karstensen, J. , Körtzinger, A. , Künzel, S. and Schmitz, R. A.
(2015)
Hidden biosphere in an oxygen-deficient Atlantic open ocean eddy: future implications of ocean deoxygenation on primary production in the eastern tropical North Atlantic.
Biogeosciences (BG), 12
(16).
pp. 7467-7482.
DOI 10.5194/bg-12-7467-2015.
Nauw, J., Linke, P. and Leifer, I.
(2015)
Bubble momentum plume as a possible mechanism for an early breakdown of the seasonal stratification in the northern North Sea.
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 68
.
pp. 789-805.
DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.05.003.
Vielstädte, L., Karstens, J. , Haeckel, M. , Schmidt, M. , Linke, P. , Reimann, S., Liebetrau, V., McGinnis, D. and Wallmann, K.
(2015)
Quantification of methane emissions at abandoned gas wells in the Central North Sea.
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 68
.
pp. 848-860.
DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.07.030.
Wilfert, P., Krause, S., Liebetrau, V., Schönfeld, J., Haeckel, M. , Linke, P. and Treude, T.
(2015)
Response of anaerobic methanotrophs and benthic foraminifera on 20 years of methane emission from a gas blowout in the North Sea.
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 68
.
pp. 731-742.
DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.07.012.
Steeb, P., Krause, S., Linke, P. , Hensen, C. , Dale, A. W. , Nuzzo, M. and Treude, T.
(2015)
Efficiency and adaptability of the benthic methane filter at Quepos Slide cold seeps, offshore Costa Rica.
Biogeosciences (BG), 12
.
pp. 6687-6706.
DOI 10.5194/bg-12-6687-2015.
Downes, S. M., Farneti, R., Uotila, P., Griffies, S. M., Marsland, S. J., Bailey, D., Behrens, E., Bentsen, M., Bi, D., Biastoch, A. , Böning, C. W. , Bozec, A., Canuto, V. M., Chassignet, E., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Diansky, N., Drange, H., Fogli, P. G., Gusev, A., Howard, A., Ilicak, M., Jung, T., Kelley, M., Large, W. G., Leboissetier, A., Long, M., Lu, J., Masina, S., Mishra, A., Navarra, A., George Nurser, A. J., Patara, L. , Samuels, B. L., Sidorenko, D., Spence, P., Tsujino, H., Wang, Q. and Yeager, S. G.
(2015)
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations.
Ocean Modelling, 94
.
pp. 67-94.
DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022.
Farneti, R., Downes, S. M., Griffies, S. M., Marsland, S. J., Behrens, E., Bentsen, M., Bi, D., Biastoch, A. , Böning, C. W. , Bozec, A., Canuto, V. M., Chassignet, E., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Diansky, N., Drange, H., Fogli, P. G., Gusev, A., Hallberg, R. W., Howard, A., Ilicak, M., Jung, T., Kelley, M., Large, W. G., Leboissetier, A., Long, M., Lu, J., Masina, S., Mishra, A., Navarra, A., George Nurser, A. J., Patara, L., Samuels, B. L., Sidorenko, D., Tsujino, H., Uotila, P., Wang, Q. and Yeager, S. G.
(2015)
An assessment of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation during 1958–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations.
Ocean Modelling, 93
.
pp. 84-120.
DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.009.
Schmale, O., Leifer, I., Schneider von Deimling, J., Stolle, C., Krause, S., Kießlich, K., Fram, A. and Treude, T.
(2015)
Bubble transport Mechanism: Indications for a gas bubble-mediated inoculation of benthic methanothrophs into the water column.
Continental Shelf Research, 103
.
pp. 70-78.
DOI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.022.
Steinle, L., Graves, C. A., Treude, T. , Ferré, B., Biastoch, A. , Bussmann, I., Berndt, C. , Krastel, S., James, R. H., Behrens, E., Böning, C. W. , Greinert, J. , Sapart, C. J., Scheinert, M. , Sommer, S., Lehmann, A. F. and Niemann, H.
(2015)
Water column methanotrophy controlled by a
rapid oceanographic switch.
Nature Geoscience, 8
(5).
pp. 378-382.
DOI 10.1038/ngeo2420.
Aquino da Silva, A. G., Amaro, V. E., Stattegger, K., Schwarzer, K., Vital, H. and Heise, B. (2015) Spectral calibration of CBERS 2B multispectral satellite images to assess suspended sediment concentration. Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 104 . pp. 53-62. DOI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.02.011.
Auras, M., Meier, T., Fehr, M., Ercan, E. and Bilgili, F. (2015) Anwendung von Rayleighwellen zur Untersuchung verwitterter Denkmaloberflächen aus Naturstein. In: Tagungshandbuch 2015. . 4. Kolloquium Erhaltung von Bauwerken, Esslingen, pp. 355-360.
Cappelli, E. L. G., Regenberg, M., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Andersen, N. (2015) Refining C. wuellerstorfi and H. elegans Mg/Ca temperature calibrations. Marine Micropaleontology, 121 . pp. 70-84. DOI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.10.001.
Eisenhauer, A. , Horn, C., Nürnberg, D. , Blanz, T. and Garbe-Schönberg, D.
(2015)
Phase-shift between surface ocean warming, evaporation and changes of continental ice volume during Termination I observed at tropical ocean sediment cores.
In: Integrated Analysis of Interglacial Climate Dynamics (INTERDYNAMIC).
, ed. by
Schulz, M. and Paul, A..
Springer Briefs in Earth System Sciences
.
Springer, Cham, pp. 49-53.
ISBN 978-3-319-00692-5
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00693-2_9.
Fleury, S., Martinez, P., Crosta, X., Charlier, K., Billy, I., Hanquiez, V., Blanz, T. and Schneider, R. (2015) Pervasive multidecadal variations in productivity within the Peruvian Upwelling System over the last millennium. Quaternary Science Reviews, 125 . pp. 78-90. DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.006.
Jennings, R. P., Singarayer, J., Stone, E. J., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Khon, V., Nisancioglu, K. H., Pfeiffer, M., Zhang, X., Parker, A., Parton, A., Groucutt, H. S., White, T. S., Drake, N. A. and Petraglia, M. D. (2015) The greening of Arabia: Multiple opportunities for human occupation of the Arabian Peninsula during the Late Pleistocene inferred from an ensemble of climate model simulations. Quaternary International, 382 . pp. 181-199. DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.006.
Meier, T., Auras, M., Erkul, E., Köhn, D., Niehoff, D. and Bilgili, F. (2015) Zerstörungsfreie Untersuchung von Beton mittels Ultraschall bzw. GPR (ground penetrating radar) - eine Laborstudie und Anwendungsbeispiele. In: Tagungshandbuch 2015. . 4. Kolloquium Erhaltung von Bauwerken, Esslingen, pp. 345-353.
Repschlaeger, J., Weinelt, M., Andersen, N., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Schneider, R. (2015) Northern source for Deglacial and Holocene deepwater composition changes in the Eastern North Atlantic Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 425 . pp. 256-267. DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.009.
Repschlaeger, J., Weinelt, M., Kinkel, H., Andersen, N., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Schwab, C. (2015) Response of the subtropical North Atlantic surface hydrography on deglacial and Holocene AMOC changes. Paleoceanography, 30 (5). pp. 456-476. DOI 10.1002/2014pa002637.
Sodoudi, F., Brüstle, A., Meier, T., Kind, R., Friederich, W. and EGELADOS working group, (2015) Receiver function images of the Hellenic subduction zone and comparison to microseismicity. Solid Earth, 6 (1). pp. 135-151. DOI 10.5194/se-6-135-2015.
Szczygielski, A., Stattegger, K., Schwarzer, K., da Silva, A. G. A., Vital, H. and Koenig, J. (2015) Evolution of the Parnaíba Delta (NE Brazil) during the late Holocene. Geo-Marine Letters, 35 (2). pp. 105-117. DOI 10.1007/s00367-014-0395-x.
Liebetrau, V., Augustin, N. , Kutterolf, S. , Schmidt, M. , Eisenhauer, A. , Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Weinrebe, W.
(2014)
Cold-seep-driven carbonate deposits at the Central American forearc: contrasting evolution and timing in escarpment and mound settings.
International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103
(7).
pp. 1845-1872.
DOI 10.1007/s00531-014-1045-2.
Visbeck, M. , Kronfeld-Goharani, U., Neumann, B., Rickels, W., Schmidt, J., van Doorn, E., Matz-Lück, N., Ott, K. and Quaas, M.
(2014)
Securing Blue Wealth: The Need for a Special Sustainable Development Goal for the Ocean and Coasts.
Marine Policy, 48
.
pp. 184-191.
DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.005.
Khélifi, N., Sarntheim, M., Frank, M. , Andersen, N. and Garbe-Schönberg, D.
(2014)
Late Pliocene variations of the Mediterranean outflow.
Marine Geology, 357
.
pp. 182-194.
DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.006.
Dumke, I., Berndt, C. , Crutchley, G. J. , Krause, S. , Liebetrau, V., Gay, A. and Couillard, M.
(2014)
Seal bypass at the Giant Gjallar Vent (Norwegian Sea): indications for a new phase of fluid venting at a 56-Ma-old fluid migration system.
Marine Geology, 351
.
pp. 38-52.
DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.006.
Zinke, J., Pfeiffer, M., Park, W. , Schneider, B., Reuning, L., Dullo, W. C. , Camoin, G. F., Mangini, A., Schroeder-Ritzrau, A., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Davies, G. R.
(2014)
Seychelles coral record of changes in sea surface temperature bimodality in the western Indian Ocean from the Mid-Holocene to the present.
Climate Dynamics, 43
(3-4).
pp. 689-708.
DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2082-z.
Jin, L., Schneider, B., Park, W. , Latif, M. , Khon, V. and Zhang, X.
(2014)
The spatial-temporal patterns of Asian summer monsoon precipitation in response to Holocene insolation change: a model-data synthesis.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 85
.
pp. 47-62.
DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.004.
Berndt, C. , Feseker, T., Treude, T. , Krastel, S., Liebetrau, V., Niemann, H., Bertics, V. J., Dumke, I., Dünnbier, K., Ferre, B., Graves, C., Gross, F., Hissmann, K., Hühnerbach, V., Krause, S., Lieser, K., Schauer, J. and Steinle, L.
(2014)
Temporal Constraints on Hydrate-Controlled Methane Seepage off Svalbard.
Science, 343
(6168).
pp. 284-287.
DOI 10.1126/science.1246298.
Steeb, P., Linke, P. and Treude, T.
(2014)
A sediment flow-through system to study the impact of shifting fluid and methane flow regimes on the efficiency of the benthic methane filter.
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 12
.
pp. 25-45.
DOI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.25.
Bakker, P., Masson-Delmotte, V., Martrat, B., Charbit, S., Renssen, H., Groeger, M., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Lohmann, G., Lunt, D. J., Pfeiffer, M., Phipps, S. J., Prange, M., Ritz, S. P., Schulz, M., Stenni, B., Stone, E. J. and Varma, V. (2014) Temperature trends during the Present and Last Interglacial periods - a multi-model-data comparison. Quaternary Science Reviews, 99 . pp. 224-243.
Braack, M., Klein, M., Prohl, A. and Tews, B. (2014) Optimal Control for Two-Phase Flows. International Series of Numerical Mathematics, 165 . pp. 347-363. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05083-6_22.
Brüstle, A., Friederich, W., Meier, T. and Gross, C. (2014) Focal mechanism and depth of the 1956 Amorgos twin earthquakes from waveform matching of analogue seismograms. Solid Earth, 5 (2). pp. 1027-1044. DOI 10.5194/se-5-1027-2014.
Forbriger, T., Auras, M., Bilgili, F., Bohlen, T., Butzer, S., Christen, S., Cristiano, L., Friederich, W., Giese, R., Groos, L., Igel, H., Köllner, F., Krompholz, R., Lüth, S., Mauerberger, S., Meier, T., Mosca, I., Niehoff, D., Richter, H., Schäfer, M., Schuck, A., Schumacher, F., Sigloch, K., Vormbaum, M. and Wuttke, F. (2014) Toolbox for Applied Seismic Tomography (TOAST). In: Tomography of the Earth’s Crust: From Geophysical Sounding to Real-Time Monitoring. . Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 135-155. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04205-3_8.
Friederich, W., Brüstle, A., Küperkoch, L., Meier, T., Lamara, S. and Egelados Working Group, (2014) Focal mechanisms in the southern Aegean from temporary seismic networks – implications for the regional stress field and ongoing deformation processes. Solid Earth Discussions, 5 (1). pp. 275-297. DOI 10.5194/se-5-275-2014.
Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Mueller, S. (2014) Nano-particulate pressed powder tablets for LA-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 29 (6). pp. 990-1000. DOI 10.1039/c4ja00007b.
Leduc, G., Garbe-Schönberg, D., Regenberg, M. and Contoux, C. (2014) The late Pliocene Benguela upwelling status revisited by means of multiple temperature proxies. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15 (2). pp. 475-491. DOI 10.1002/2013gc004940.
Li, S., Geldmacher, J. , Hauff, F. , Garbe-Schönberg, D., Yu, S., Zhao, S. and Rausch, S.
(2014)
Composition and timing of carbonate vein precipitation within the igneous basement of the Early Cretaceous Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific.
Marine Geology, 357
.
pp. 321-333.
DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.046.
Meier, T., Auras, M., Erkul, E., Fehr, M., Jepsen, K., Milde, C., Schulte-Kortnack, D., Spangenberg, E., Steinkraus, T. and Wilken, D. (2014) Physikalische Untersuchungen an der Porta Nigra - Ultraschall-Oberflächen-Messungen und thermische Untersuchungen. In: Reinigung der Porta Nigra? Naturwissenschaftliche und restauratorische Aspekte zur Verschwärzung und Reinigung der Sandsteine . . Institut für Steinkonservierung e.V. , Mainz, pp. 50-62.
Regenberg, M., Regenberg, A., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Lea, D. W. (2014) Global dissolution effects on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios controlled by the calcite-saturation state of bottom waters. Paleoceanography, 29 (3). pp. 127-142. DOI 10.1002/2013pa002492.
Priede, I. G. and Froese, R.
(2013)
Colonization of the deep sea by fishes.
Journal of Fish Biology, 83
(6).
pp. 1528-1550.
DOI 10.1111/jfb.12265.
Bakker, P., Stone, E. J., Charbit, S., Groger, M., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Ritz, S. P., Varma, V., Khon, V., Lunt, D. J., Mikolajewicz, U., Prange, M., Renssen, H., Schneider, B. and Schulz, M.
(2013)
Last interglacial temperature evolution - a model inter-comparison.
Climate of the Past, 9
(2).
pp. 605-619.
DOI 10.5194/cp-9-605-2013.
Beier, C., Mata, J., Stöckhert, F., Mattielli, N., Brandl, P. A. , Madureira, P., Genske, F. S., Martins, S., Madeira, J. and Haase, K. M.
(2013)
Geochemical evidence for melting of carbonated peridotite on Santa Maria Island, Azores.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 165
(5).
pp. 823-841.
DOI 10.1007/s00410-012-0837-2.
Brandl, P. A., Regelous, M., Beier, C. and Haase, K. M. (2013) High mantle temperatures following rifting caused by continental insulation. Nature Geoscience, 6 (5). pp. 391-394. DOI 10.1038/ngeo1758.
Cocco, V., Joos, F., Steinacher, M., Frölicher, T. L., Bopp, L., Dunne, J., Gehlen, M., Heinze, C., Orr, J., Oschlies, A. , Schneider, B., Segschneider, J. and Tjiputra, J.
(2013)
Oxygen and indicators of stress for marine life in multi-model global warming projections.
Biogeosciences (BG), 10
(3).
pp. 1849-1868.
DOI 10.5194/bg-10-1849-2013.
Cristiano, L., Schweitzer, J. and Meier, T. (2013) P-wave Polarization and FK Analysis of NORSAR Array Data to Investigate Local Anisotropy and Lateral Heterogeneity. . NORSAR Scientific Report . UNSPECIFIED.
Dahm, T., Becker, D., Bischoff, M., Cesca, S., Dost, B., Fritschen, R., Hainzl, S., Klose, C. D., Kühn, D., Lasocki, S., Meier, T., Ohrnberger, M., Rivalta, E., Wegler, U. and Husen, S. (2013) Recommendation for the discrimination of human-related and natural seismicity. Journal of Seismology, 17 (1). pp. 197-202. DOI 10.1007/s10950-012-9295-6.
Genske, F. S., Beier, C., Haase, K. M., Turner, S. P., Krumm, S. and Brandl, P. A.
(2013)
Oxygen isotopes in the Azores islands: Crustal assimilation recorded in olivine.
Geology, 41
(4).
pp. 491-494.
DOI 10.1130/G33911.1.
Grove, C. A., Brummer, G. J. A., Kasper, S., Zinke, J., Pfeiffer, M. and Garbe-Schönberg, D. (2013) Confounding effects of coral growth and high SST variability on skeletal Sr/Ca: Implications for coral paleothermometry. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (4). pp. 1277-1293. DOI 10.1002/ggge.20095.
Lebedev, S., Adam, J. M. C. and Meier, T. (2013) Mapping the Moho with seismic surface waves: A review, resolution analysis, and recommended inversion strategies. Tectonophysics, 609 . pp. 377-394. DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.12.030.
Lunt, D. J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bakker, P., Berger, A., Braconnot, P., Charbit, S., Fischer, N., Herold, N., Jungclaus, J. H., Khon, V. C., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Langebroek, P. M., Lohmann, G., Nisancioglu, K. H., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Park, W. , Pfeiffer, M., Phipps, S. J., Prange, M., Rachmayani, R., Renssen, H., Rosenbloom, N., Schneider, B., Stone, E. J., Takahashi, K., Wei, W., Yin, Q. and Zhang, Z. S.
(2013)
A multi-model assessment of last interglacial temperatures.
Climate of the Past, 9
(2).
pp. 699-717.
DOI 10.5194/cp-9-699-2013.
Sarnthein, M., Schneider, B. and Grootes, P. (2013) Peak glacial 14C ventilation ages suggest major draw-down of carbon into the abyssal ocean. Climate of the Past, 9 (6). pp. 2595-2614. DOI 10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013.
Sen, A. T., Cesca, S., Bischoff, M., Meier, T. and Dahm, T. (2013) Automated full moment tensor inversion of coal mining-induced seismicity. Geophysical Journal International, 195 (2). pp. 1267-1281. DOI 10.1093/gji/ggt300.
Skarlatoudis, A. A., Papazachos, C. B., Margaris, B. N., Ventouzi, C., Kalogeras, I. and EGELADOS group, (2013) Ground-Motion Prediction Equations of Intermediate-Depth Earthquakes in the Hellenic Arc, Southern Aegean Subduction Area. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103 (3). pp. 1952-1968. DOI 10.1785/0120120265.
Storz, D., Gischler, E., Fiebig, J., Eisenhauer, A. and Garbe-Schönberg, D.
(2013)
Evaluation of oxygen isotope and Sr/Ca ratios from a Maldivian Scleractinian coral for reconstruction of climate variability in the NW Indian Ocean.
Palaios, 28
(1).
pp. 42-55.
DOI 10.2110/palo.2012.p12-034r.
Wehling-Benatelli, S., Becker, D., Bischoff, M., Friederich, W. and Meier, T. (2013) Indications for different types of brittle failure due to active coal mining using waveform similarities of induced seismic events. Solid Earth, 4 (2). pp. 405-422. DOI 10.5194/se-4-405-2013.
Weidle, C., Soomro, R. A., Cristiano, L. and Meier, T. (2013) Identification of response and timing issues at permanent European broadband stations from automated data analysis. Advances in Geosciences, 36 . pp. 21-25. DOI 10.5194/adgeo-36-21-2013.
Heinemann, A., Fietzke, J. , Melzner, F., Böhm, F., Thomsen, J., Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Eisenhauer, A.
(2012)
Conditions of Mytilus edulis extracellular body fluids and shell composition in a pH-treatment experiment: Acid-base status, trace elements and delta B-11.
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13
(1).
Q01005.
DOI 10.1029/2011GC003790.
Bayer, B., Kind, R., Hoffmann, M., Yuan, X. and Meier, T. (2012) Tracking unilateral earthquake rupture by P-wave polarization analysis. Geophysical Journal International, 188 (3). pp. 1141-1153. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05304.x.
Becker, M., Andersen, N., Fiedler, B., Fietzek, P., Körtzinger, A. , Steinhoff, T. and Friedrichs, G.
(2012)
Using cavity ringdown spectroscopy for continuous monitoring of δ13C(CO2) and ƒCO2 in the surface ocean.
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10
.
pp. 752-766.
DOI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.752.
Braack, M. and Tews, B. (2012) Linear-quadratic optimal control for the Oseen equations with stabilized finite elements . Esaim-Control Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, 18 (4). pp. 987-1004. DOI 10.1051/cocv/2011201 .
Khon, V., Park, W. , Latif, M. , Mokhov, I. I. and Schneider, B.
(2012)
Tropical circulation and hydrological cycle response to orbital forcing.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39
.
L15708.
DOI 10.1029/2012GL052482.
Lee, J., Friederich, W. and Meier, T. (2012) Real time monitoring of moment magnitude by waveform inversion. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (2). n/a-n/a. DOI 10.1029/2011GL050210.
Legendre, C. P., Meier, T., Lebedev, S., Friederich, W. and Viereck-Götte, L. (2012) A shear wave velocity model of the European upper mantle from automated inversion of seismic shear and surface waveforms. Geophysical Journal International, 191 (1). pp. 282-304. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05613.x.
Salau, O., Schneider, B., Park, W. , Khon, V. and Latif, M.
(2012)
Modeling the ENSO impact of orbitally induced mean state climate changes.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117
(C5).
DOI 10.1029/2011JC007742.
Taubner, I., Böhm, F., Eisenhauer, A. , Garbe-Schönberg, D. and Erez, J.
(2012)
Uptake of alkaline earth metals in Alcyonarian spicules (Octocorallia).
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 84
.
pp. 239-255.
DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.037.
Zhang, X., Prange, M., Steph, S., Butzin, M., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Lunt, D. J., Nisancioglu, K. H., Park, W. , Schmittner, A., Schneider, B. and Schulz, M.
(2012)
Changes in equatorial Pacific thermocline depth in response to Panamanian seaway closure: Insights from a multi-model study.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 317-318
.
pp. 76-84.
DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.028.
Bartzsch, S., Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. (2011) Resolving the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary with seismic Rayleigh waves. Geophysical Journal International, 186 (3). pp. 1152-1164. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05096.x.
Endrun, B., Lebedev, S., Meier, T., Tirel, C. and Friederich, W. (2011) Complex layered deformation within the Aegean crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy. Nature Geoscience, 4 (3). pp. 203-207. DOI 10.1038/ngeo1065.
Friederich, W. and Meier, T. (2011) Temporary Seismic Broadband Network Acquired Data on Hellenic Subduction Zone. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89 (40). p. 378. DOI 10.1029/2008EO400002.
Krebs-Kanzow, U., Park, W. and Schneider, B.
(2011)
Pliocene aridification of Australia caused by tectonically induced weakening of the Indonesian throughflow.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309
(1-2).
pp. 111-117.
DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.06.002.
Küperkoch, L., Meier, T. and Diehl, T. (2011) Automated Event and Phase Identification. In: New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice . . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam , pp. 1-52.
Küperkoch, L., Meier, T., Brüstle, A., Lee, J. and Friederich, W. (2011) Automated determination of S-phase arrival times using autoregressive prediction: application to local and regional distances. Geophysical Journal International, 188 (2). pp. 687-702. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05292.x.
Becker, D. and Meier, T. (2010) Seismic Slip Deficit in the Southwestern Forearc of the Hellenic Subduction Zone. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100 (1). pp. 325-342. DOI 10.1785/0120090156.
Becker, D., Meier, T., Bohnhoff, M. and Harjes, H. P. (2010) Seismicity at the convergent plate boundary offshore Crete, Greece, observed by an amphibian network. Journal of Seismology, 14 (2). pp. 369-392. DOI 10.1007/s10950-009-9170-2.
Krätschell, A. (2010) Untersuchungen zur holozänen Landschaftsentwicklung im Umfeld der bronzezeitlichen Siedlung Tell Chuera, Nord-Syrien. (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 220 pp.
Küperkoch, L., Meier, T., Lee, J., Friederich, W. and Working Group EGELADOS, (2010) Automated determination ofP-phase arrival times at regional and local distances using higher order statistics. Geophysical Journal International (23). DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04570.x.
Dimitriadis, I., Karagianni, E., Panagiotopoulos, D., Papazachos, C., Hatzidimitriou, P., Bohnhoff, M., Rische, M. and Meier, T. (2009) Seismicity and active tectonics at Coloumbo Reef (Aegean Sea, Greece): Monitoring an active volcano at Santorini Volcanic Center using a temporary seismic network. Tectonophysics, 465 (1-4). pp. 136-149. DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.11.005.
Essen, K., Braatz, M., Ceranna, L., Friederich, W. and Meier, T. (2009) Numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation along the plate contact of the Hellenic Subduction Zone the influence of a deep subduction channel. Geophysical Journal International, 179 (3). pp. 1737-1756. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04369.x.
Skarlatoudis, A. A., Papazachos, C. B., Margaris, B. N., Papaioannou, C., Ventouzi, C., Vamvakaris, D., Bruestle, A., Meier, T., Friederich, W., Stavrakakis, G., Taymaz, T., Kind, R., Vafidis, A. and Dahm, T. (2009) Combination of Acceleration-Sensor and Broadband Velocity-Sensor Recordings for Attenuation Studies: The Case of the 8 January 2006 Kythera Intermediate-Depth Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99 (2A). pp. 694-704. DOI 10.1785/0120070211.
Zhang, X., Paulssen, H., Lebedev, S. and Meier, T. (2009) 3D shear velocity structure beneath the Gulf of California from Rayleigh wave dispersion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279 (3-4). pp. 255-262. DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.003.
Deschamps, F., Lebedev, S., Meier, T. and Trampert, J. (2008) Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States. Geophysical Journal International, 173 (3). pp. 827-843. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03751.x.
Deschamps, F., Lebedev, S., Meier, T. and Trampert, J. (2008) Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and present deformation beneath the East-central United States. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 274 (3-4). pp. 489-498. DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.058.
Endrun, B., Meier, T., Lebedev, S., Bohnhoff, M., Stavrakakis, G. and Harjes, H. P. (2008) Constraints on S-wave velocity and radial anisotropy in the Aegean region from surface wave dispersion. Geophysical Journal International, 174 . pp. 593-616. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03802.x.
Erduran, M., Endrun, B. and Meier, T. (2008) Continental vs. oceanic lithosphere beneath the eastern Mediterranean Sea — Implications from Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. Tectonophysics, 457 (1-2). pp. 42-52. DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.015.
Research activities
Quantifying the release of greenhouse gases during sill intrusion in sedimentary basins using numerical flow models
Dr. Karthik Iyer,
The major aim of this proposal is to constrain the amount of CH4 and CO2 released during sill intrusion events using the Vøring basin off western Norway and the PETM as a case study. The biggest advantage of the new modeling approach will be that it will not only predict the total amount of greenhouse gases released but also the rates and time-scales over which this release would take place. These estimates could then be used as input in paleoclimate models to, for example, explore predicted warming and consistency with proxy data on the PETM.
Detecting the fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on decadal to millennial time scales
Dr. Uta Krebs-Kanzow,
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) exerts a strong influence on global climate by providing up to one quarter of the maximum meridional heat transport of the coupled climate system (Wunsch, 2005, Trenberth and Caron, 2001). Climate models consistently predict a slow-down of the AMOC in response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the coming decades (Schneider et al, 2007). The rate of the slow-down is however poorly constrained and adds considerable uncertainties to model projections of the future climate. Moreover, the natural variability of the AMOC beyond inter annual time scales is not known as direct continuous measurements only exist for the past 6 years (Kanzow et al, 2010). Paleo reconstructions reveal that the AMOC was subject to strong variation during both the last glacial period and the transition to the present Holocene warm period. The deglaciation is of particular interest as it represents the most recent period of global warming associated with significantly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Since paleo data do not allow to quantify the amplitude of past AMOC variations and since the climate response might depend on the background climate, it is a major problem to separate past AMOC induced climate variations from superimposing climate signals related to changes in ice-volume, greenhouse gas concentrations or orbital parameters. However, during the last glacial period events of extremely weakened AMOC exhibit common characteristics such as low northern hemispheric temperatures and shifts in low latitudinal precipitation (as review see Hemming, 2004 and references therein) which might represent a fingerprint of AMOC variations. The proposed work will focus on the identification of fingerprints of the AMOC which are valid over an as wide as possible range of climate-controlling parameters using a suite of climate model experiments which differ in continental ice caps, greenhouse gas concentration, orbital parameters and geometry of major ocean passages. Ultimately, this shall be used to decipher the role of AMOC variation during the deglaciation and to define and evaluate proxies, which potentially reconstruct AMOC variations indirectly from observed climate patterns on centennial to millennial time scales.
Investigation of large-scale methane releases induced by increasing temperatures from global warming and break-up magmatism
Ines Dumke,
The consequences of warming oceans are manifold and not yet fully understood. One aspect associated with ocean warming is the release of methane gas into the water column, particularly where large amounts of methane are stored in sedimentary gas hydrates. Increased bottom water temperatures affect the sediments and eventually cause hydrate destabilisation and release of free gas into the water column. A high amount of methane may also escape into the atmosphere where, being a stronger greenhouse gas than CO2, it will accelerate global warming. Consequently, it is important to understand the processes involved in gas hydrate destabilisation in areas like the Arctic. To assess the likelihood of triggered hydrate dissociation and large-scale methane release, it is necessary to study other events during which large amounts of methane may have been released. This includes sub-sea magmatism commonly occurring during rifting events. The high temperatures associated with magmatic intrusions alter overlying sediments and may lead to thermogenic methane production. Hydrothermal systems are formed from which large amounts of methane may emanate into the water column and possibly into the atmosphere. Understanding of these hydrothermal systems in terms of fluid migration and their relationship to magmatic intrusions, will give insights into the effects these systems had on oceans and atmosphere, and help to constrain the factors involved in the current global warming period.
Role of intermediate water variability in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico in deglacial climate change
To better constrain future climate predictions we need to understand how tropical Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) dynamics and changes in the thermohaline circulation including re-organisations in intermediate water masses (e.g., AAIW) operate and interact on short time scales. The overall goal of the planned project is to reconstruct the subtropical W-Atlantic / Caribbean / Gulf of Mexico intermediate water variability on the millenial scale climate changes of the last ~40 ka, and determine the role of intermediate water variability in deglacial climate change for interhemispheric heat exchange, thermocline variability, ocean surface properties, and intermediate ocean ventilation. The study intends to test current hypotheses, which suggest the short-term presence of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the subtropical Atlantic (RÜHLEMANN et al., 2004 PAHNKE et al., 2008), and N-Atlantic sourced intermediate water masses in Florida Strait (CAME et al., 2008) during deglacial cool periods when the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was supposedly weak or collapsed.
Interactions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and the atmospheric hydrological cycle during the Last Glacial Termination
Dr. Uta Krebs-Kanzow,
Today the Earth's climate is rapidly warming. There is ample evidence for other, dramatic transitions to warmer climates in the Earth's history. Understanding climate transitions of the past is key to provide better predictions for the coming centuries. Compared to equilibrium simulations, however, the transient simulation of past climates is still in its infancy. The aim of this project is to provide a transient climate simulation of the Last Glacial Termination with a state-of the-art coupled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) to investigate changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the atmospheric hydrological cycle in a globally warming climate. The simulation will cover the period between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19 kyr B.P1) and the onset of the warm Bølling-Allerød (about 15 kyr B.P.) and will be forced by changes in atmospheric CO2 and methane concentrations, insolation, and deglacial meltwater discharge. Together with idealized climate simulations and vegetation model experiments this simulation will be used to • quantify the individual contributions of the simultaneously changing forcings to the observed climate evolution • analyze the relationship between Atlantic meridional heat transport and the atmospheric hydrological cycle • develop techniques to constrain reconstructions of precipitation and AMOC strength
Emerging marine diesease: why to shift from friendly to nasty
Prof. Hinrich Schulenburg,
Pathogens exert extreme selective pressure on their hosts and are highly prevalent in the marine realm and thus of central importance for marine ecosystem dynamics. Yet, to date, we still lack precise understanding on the complexity of environmental changes that determine shifts in pathogen virulence and thus influence the dynamics of host-pathogen interactions in the oceans. We here aim at developing a “virulence-atlas” for the most abundant marine pathogens from the genus Vibrio. We will take a multidisciplinary approach by integrating several virulence parameters in over 200 isolated Vibrio strains, infection experiments in two established host systems, and candidate virulence gene analysis, in each case under alternative environmental conditions. This project will yield a comprehensive baseline data set essential for an in-depth understanding of the consequences of emerging marine diseases under future scenarios of global change.
Surrogate-based Optimization for Marine Biochemical Models
Dr. Iris Kriest,
Marine biogeochemical models are of great importance for a quantitative understanding of the ocean’s role in the global carbon cycle and are essential for projections of the oceanic CO2 uptake and the marine ecosystem’s responses to climate change. The applicability of a marine biogeochemical model for prognostic simulations crucially depends on its ability to adequately describe the relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes. This is typically assessed by a calibration of the often poorly known model parameters. For three-dimensional coupled biogeochemistry-circulation models, a calibration using conventional optimization algorithms is still very time-consuming or even infeasible even on high performance computers. Such a computationally demanding calibration can now be achieved by novel time-efficient Surrogate-based Optimization (SBO) techniques. Extending and advancing our previously developed modular and flexible optimization framework, we propose to perform a calibration of two three-dimensional biogeochemical models of different structural complexity against real data of global distributions of phosphate and oxygen. The proposed interdisciplinary research at the interface of numerical optimization and marine biogeochemistry is expected to provide significant contributions to seek powerful and versatile tools for model-based investigations of marine ecosystems.
Double trouble: Tracing the effect of Ocean Acidification and Ocean Warming in the shells of pteropods and the potential proxy implications
Dr. Nina Keul,
Global climate change is one of the most pressing challenges our society is facing at the moment. In combination with temperature reconstructions, accurate atmospheric paleo-CO2 estimates are necessary to validate models that aim at predicting global temperature rise related to CO2 -forcing mechanisms (e.g. Lüthi et al., 2008), while reconstruction of atmospheric pCO2 going further back in time relies on sedimentary archives (e.g. Hönisch et al., 2012). Although work to date has led to important advances in the use of proxies for CO2 reconstructions, existing uncertainties in the measurement of these proxies results in the need for the establishment of new CO2-proxies. I propose to analyze the proxy potential of pteropods, a group of marine calcifiers that are abundant in all major oceans (Lalli and Gilmer, 1989).
Life in a toxic environment: How do extreme redox conditions affect oceanic N2 fixation?
Dr. Hermann Bange,
Nitrogen (N) is a limiting element of life in the ocean. Nitrogen fixation, the biological reduction of dinitrogen gas (N2) to ammonium, is quantitatively the most important external source of new nitrogen to the ocean and mostly depends on the availability of a phosphorous (P) and iron (Fe) source. While oxygen (O2) depletion favors N2 fixation, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under conditions of extreme anoxia may hinder that process by (i) a direct toxic effect on the diazotrophic community and (ii) immobilization of Fe through precipitation of Fe sulfide minerals. In order to explore the sensitivity of N2 fixation to changes in O2 and H2S, we propose an interdisciplinary field study at the time series station Boknis Eck, located in the Eckernförde Bay (www.bokniseck.de), serving as a natural laboratory. This allows an incomparably detailed monitoring of the diazotrophic response to naturally occurring extreme changes in redox conditions. We further aim to explore the potential of the responsible microbial community to adapt to rapidly changing redox conditions in a chemostat. The results are crucial to understand basic controls of N2 fixation and primary productivity over various geological timescales and to further predict them in a changing ocean.
The role of hybridization and microbial associations for invasion success in a comb jelly
Dr. Cornelia Jaspers,
Marine invasive species have globally increasing biological and economic impacts. However, the role of hybridization and subsequent changes in microbiota structure, favoring range expansion and invasiveness remain poorly understood. In controlled experiments, recently formed hybrid populations along with ancestral control lines will be exposed to stress. We will investigate fitness effects of hybridization as well as microbiota changes using tagged amplicon sequencing in one of the most notorious marine invasive species, the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi. Results will reveal whether or not hybridization leads to outbreeding depression or increased hybrid vigor and to what degree the microbiota differs among native, invasive and hybrid populations. This will help to understand fitness consequences due to hybridization and its possible contribution to acceleration of invasion success.
